The main phylum categories include Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomycetes ( The gut microbiota undergoes corresponding changes owing to factors such as host genetics, diet, and environment, which can promote the growth of pathogenic bacteria ( Prevotella in the feces of RA patients is higher ( Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides are reduced ( Prevotella and Pseudomonas typically shows a decrease in the feces of patients with MS ( Akkermansia muciniphila typically increase ( Firmicutes decreased compared to the non-SLE controls, while Bacteroidetes increased ( 2.2 Characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with AITD As shown in Table 1 , some studies have proposed compositional modifications and bacterial ecological imbalances arise in the gut microbiota of patients with AITD, indicating that specific bacterial overgrowth and its impact on the gut-thyroid axis may play key roles in the occurrence and progression of AITD ( Table 1 Characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease
Exclusion criteria included significant medical or neurological conditions, major psychiatric disorders, a history of traumatic brain injury with loss of consciousness, and contraindications to brain MRI
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RNA sequencing was then performed on a BGISEQ500 platform (Innomics Inc, Sunnyvale, CA)
2gm, Operculina Turpethum (nisoth) Rt
