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The increased oxidative stress induced by e-cigarettes stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in alveolar macrophages, causing lung epithelial damage and neutrophil influx at the injury site, leading to aggravated inflammation, mucus production, destruction of alveolar cells, and airway obstruction, potentially increasing future cardiovascular risks [53, 54]

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4,178 people died in unintentional fall accidents statewide in 2021

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We conducted a series of mediation analyses to explore the extent to which various clinical conditions and biomarkers mediated the relationship between smoking and higher mortality in hypertensive patients